Tests and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

People told us about their experiences of getting tests to diagnose pancreatic cancer. The symptoms of pancreatic cancer can vary and can be caused by many other things. This can make it hard for doctors to spot. If you have symptoms, your GP may refer you to the hospital for tests. These might include:

  • Blood tests
  • Ultrasound scans of your tummy
  • Computer Tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP, a type of MRI that can give clearer pictures)
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Endoscopy (ERCP)
  • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
  • Colonoscopy
  • Biopsy

(see ‘Endoscopies and biopsies’ for more information).

Blood tests

When a doctor sees a patient with symptoms that could be pancreatic cancer doctors usually order blood tests. These tests might be to check the liver function and blood sugar levels. Some people we interviewed had blood tests which had all come back completely normal. Other peoples results had been abnormal.

Hamish told his GP about his symptoms. After a blood test the GP told Hamish that he probably had…

Age at interview 76

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 72

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Colonoscopy

If your symptoms include change in bowel habit, e.g. loose poo, the doctor may want to test the poo for abnormal enzymes or blood. They may suggest a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to check for bowel abnormalities.

Ann had a colonoscopy and an endoscopy

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 62

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Ultrasound scan

An ultrasound scan is usually one of the first investigations to be done. The ultrasound scan is painless. It uses sound waves to create images of the inside of your body. The scans are similar to those that pregnant women have. Some people had to wait for a few weeks to have scans in NHS hospitals or clinics. One man was told that he had to wait three weeks to have a scan locally. However, he could drive 30 miles and have the scan done the next week in a private clinic paid for by the NHS.

Richard described what his ultrasound scan was like. He was disappointed that he had to wait so…

Age at interview 63

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 60

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The behaviour of the person doing the scan (the radiographer) made some people aware that something was wrong. Anthony’s wife told him that the radiographers had been chatty at first, but then suddenly went silent.

At Anns ultrasound scan the radiographer told her that her bile duct and pancreatic duct were…

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 62

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Alison was told she would have to wait four weeks to have an NHS scan so she chose a private referral to a consultant surgeon. She saw him within a few days and had a scan the next morning. Her husband’s private medical insurance paid for the scan.

Computer Tomography (CT) Scan

If ultrasound shows an abnormality the doctor usually orders a CT scan or other scans. People we interviewed had at least one CT scan after their ultrasound. CT scans are far more detailed than ordinary X-rays. The scanner looks like a large doughnut. During the scan the patient lies on a bed. The bed then moves slowly backwards and forwards to allow the scanner to take pictures of the body.

Before the CT scan some people were given an aniseed flavoured drink to help identify the stomach and small intestine. Some said that they didn’t like the drink. During the scan the radiographer usually injected a dye into an arm vein to make organs and abnormalities more visible. The scan did not hurt.

Helen had several CT scans. It felt strange when the radiographer injected dye into her arm.

Age at interview 49

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 47

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Tony had to drink a litre of fluid before his CT scan. The radiographer also injected a dye into…

Age at interview 66

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 65

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Vicky had dreaded having the needle put into a vein, and one day the dye leaked out of a vein into the surrounding tissue, which was ‘excruciatingly painful’.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A few people we interviewed also had Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These scans use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to make a detailed picture of the inside of your body. The scanner is a large tube with a series of powerful magnets. The patient lies inside the tube during the scan. Donna had had MRI scans before and knew there was nothing to worry about. May said the staff had put her at ease. Some people found MRI noisy and rather frightening.

Richard found the MRI scan slightly alarming because it was noisy but it wasnt painful. He had…

Age at interview 59

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 58

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Fred found the MRI scan very frightening and claustrophobic. He found the CT scan scary too.

Age at interview 64

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 63

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans can give a clearer picture of the cancer. One man needed a PET scan before starting CyberKnife treatment to make sure his cancer had not spread to other organs. Others had a PET scan when they developed symptoms which might have been a sign of the cancer coming back.

Laparoscopy

A few people said that before they’d had major surgery, such as a Whipples operation, they’d had a laparoscopy (keyhole surgery). This was so that their surgeon could make sure that the cancer hadn’t spread to other organs. Laparoscopy is an operation using a camera which goes in through one or more small incisions. It is performed under general anaesthetic. Most people said that this simple operation went smoothly, though Audrey recalled that when she awoke from the anaesthetic she was in a lot of pain. She thought this might have been due to the gas that the surgeon had put into her abdomen to help see all the organs clearly.

Lesley had a laparoscopy before her Whipples operation to check that the cancer had not spread…

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 45

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