Childhood experiences before psychosis

The young people who spoke to us had very different experiences of childhood. A few, like Joseph, Hannah and Sameeha described their childhood as ‘normal’, ‘good upbringing’ while others had difficult childhood experiences such as bullying or family violence. Chapman came to the UK from Zimbabwe to seek asylum aged 16 and his sister, who he was close to, died when he was very young. Reflecting on their childhood could help people understand their later experiences of psychosis.

Ruby’s father was abusive, and she started self-harming when she was nine years old. Things reached breaking point when she was 19.

Age at interview 22

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 19

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Nikki describes a difficult childhood, being a young carer for her mother, and growing up in an area where she saw things she shouldn’st have seen as a child.

Age at interview 19

Gender Female

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Behavioural and learning difficulties

Some of the people we interviewed recalled having difficulties controlling their emotions when they were very young, and were seen as ‘disruptive’ at school. Fran could be ‘out of control’ and, as a young boy, Tariq was known as ‘the naughty one’. Having other physical or mental health experiences alongside psychosis could create additional challenges that affected people in different ways: Barry was diagnosed with autism and had ‘fixed ideas’ which meant he sometimes refused to accept other people’s opinions. Andrew Z had Asperger’s which caused problems at home, though not at school, where he got on well with his peers.

Dominic was diagnosed with ADHD when he was 5 and could lose his temper easily.

Age at interview 24

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 21

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Low mood and self-esteem

Some people experienced low and depressed mood and lack of self-esteem as children. Severe depression and severe anxiety are listed by NHS Choices as possible psychological conditions that can trigger psychosis. Some people talked about feeling low and anxious because of family circumstances and bullying at school. Low mood could reach extremes and Sam, Nikki and Ruby self-harmed – for Ruby, whose father was abusive towards her, this began when she was just 9 years old. Low mood and depression are also common symptoms for those who experience bipolar disorder: Luke suffered from depression and low mood through sixth form without a diagnosis and now has a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Joe doesn’st remember being happy before he started university. Growing up he was expected to man up.

Age at interview 23

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 21

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Sam’s psychosis stemmed from being bullied in school. She had also been experiencing depression and was self-harming.

Age at interview 18

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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Bullying

Bullying can have a lasting impact on a young person’s life, affecting their self-esteem, and ability to make friends. Where prolonged bullying leads to absence from school this can also affect study and life chances and effects self-confidence and self-esteem.

Bullying could range from odd remarks to frequent attacks that were not addressed by parents or school teachers. The reasons for the bullying varied. Tariq was bullied at school because of his faith, Dominic was bullied because of the colour of his hair. Nikki, who had unusual experiences from the age of 6, mentions being bullied for being ‘different’.

When he was in year 10 and 11 of school Tariq had a campaign of prolonged bullying against him because of his religious identity, and he was once attacked with a cricket bat during a PE lesson. He truanted from school after that.

Age at interview 21

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 18

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Memories of bullying and the emotions attached to them could be very strong. Some, people felt that the anxiety associated with the bullying contributed to the experience of psychosis.

Andrew X, explained how bullying led him to self-loath and he began to hear voices.

Age at interview 24

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 14

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But the lack of confidence that resulted from bullying could be reversed when people later had positive experiences with their peers.

Barry was bullied a lot at school until he was 15 and always felt down about himself. When he met new people on a youth club retreat who were nice to him it gave him a confidence boost.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 16

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Unusual experiences in childhood

The young people who spoke to us had had their first notable experience of psychosis between the ages of 14 and 21. However, some described having unusual experiences during their childhood, before more ‘obvious’ signs of psychosis began. During Chapman’s childhood in Zimbabwe he remembers seeing things that were out of place and not knowing if they were real or not. He didn’t tell anyone because he was afraid of being outcaste from his community. Fran said she used to see pixies in the grass and thought everybody saw them.

From a very early age Nikki can remember having very unusual experiences.

Age at interview 19

Gender Female

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Psychosis (young people)

In this section you can see and hear young people talking about their experiences of psychosis. Our researchers travelled around England and talked to 22...

First experience of psychosis

This section is about the first time people noticed they were experiencing something that seemed 'out of the ordinary'. The people we interviewed had their...