Towards recovery from self-harming

Although self-harm in young people is common, it is generally not long-lasting. After a while most young people stop harming themselves, although a minority continue for a few years. The parents and carers we spoke to told us about things which they thought had helped the young person stop self-harming.

Several parents talked about their children becoming more mature and gaining insight as they grew up. Ann’s daughter decided to move out of the family home. Ann supported this: ‘I never ever would have thought when that girl was seventeen, eighteen that she’d be capable of living independently but she does and she’s got a greater self-awareness now.’ Anna said her daughter now had ‘an adult brain’ which enabled her to express her feelings: ‘maturity aided her situation hugely’. When asked why she thought her daughter had stopped self-harming Isobel told us ‘There’s a natural growing up anyway. There’s a lot of difference between fifteen and seventeen.’ Her daughter was going to college and had friends. ‘She’s more able to talk about what’s going on before it builds up, and she’s still seeing CAMHS [Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service].’

Nicky thought life experience helped her daughter deal with things which would have made her want to cut herself in the past.

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

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Ann’s daughter is now more self-aware and motivated, and is a very different person’ from who she was.

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

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Jackies daughter turned her life around and did not harm herself when faced with a massive crisis.

Age at interview 40

Gender Female

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Sometimes changing circumstances influenced the young person’s recovery. Nick thought a combination of his daughter’s sessions with a psychologist and ‘the fact that she’s moved on to a much nicer boy in terms of relationships’ certainly helped. Annette’s son now has a child of his own. She told us: ‘there are moments when he has a low mood, and I’m watchful but definitely, I mean he’s just happy and he’s out there and he’s got friends and he’s got his life back together.’ Isobel’s daughter was much happier when she left school to go to college, where she made friends and enjoyed her course. Jane S said that when her daughter took a gap year instead of going on to university ‘having the pressure taken away from her academically, and just having a bit more fun, she felt her load was lightened.’ Anna’s daughter has applied to university, and she has career goals and a good social network. Anna said ‘you wouldn’t think this was the same child as two years ago’.

A lovely new boyfriend’, medication and exercise all contributed to Alexis’s daughter’s recovery.

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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Parents told us how the therapy their child received had helped. Ann was pleased that her daughter had engaged with mental health services. ‘She had such intensive therapy,’ she explained, ‘they really did get to the nitty gritty of a lot of things that had happened to her and got her to acknowledge them and see that she wasn’t to blame. Before, she would internalise it and self-harm.’ After Dot’s daughter talked to a counsellor she said, ‘I don’t think I’ll cut myself again.’ Some of the young people were still in contact with mental health services. Anna’s daughter hasn’t self-harmed for two years but is still seeing a psychiatrist in family sessions in connection with bereavement. Some parents stressed how important it was to keep taking medication (see also ‘Medication‘).

Alexis’s daughter is much better, but still needs to take her medication.

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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Jo’s daughter is doing well with ongoing mental health service support. She now has more insight.

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Medication helped Jane S’s daughter keep stable.

Age at interview 54

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Many of the young people had learned various coping strategies which helped them resist the urge to self-harm. Nicky’s daughter told her that she hadn’t cut for nine months. ‘I was really proud of her,’ said Nicky. ‘I told her how proud I was that she’d reached a point in terms of her own recovery that she was able to see that there were other coping strategies that worked better for her that she could apply.’

The elastic band technique helped Annettes son reduce his self-cutting.

Age at interview 54

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Jane S’s daughter had several different strategies to use instead of self-harming.

Age at interview 54

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When Nicky’s daughter acknowledged that self-harming was not a good way of coping she was able to change her behaviour.

Age at interview 48

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The support of family and friends was also seen as having an important role in helping the young people reduce their self-harming. Jane S said her daughter ‘identified having really good family support as being instrumental in her recovery’. Sandra helped her daughter in various ways. When she noticed her daughter was using her nails to harm herself Sandra told her she had beautiful nails. She massaged her daughter’s hands and used ointment to soothe the wounds. ‘And when she saw that I wasn’t reacting,’ Sandra told us, ‘I think eventually she just stopped.’

Annettes son knew his mother was backing him up one hundred per cent. She encouraged him to think about the future and boosted his morale.

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

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Sandra’s daughter realised that people cared about her. Sandra reminded her of good times and tried to distract her.

Age at interview 49

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A young person’s determination and desire to stop self-harming was seen as a key factor on the way to recovery. Ann had come across many people who didn’t want to engage with mental health services, but said of her daughter: ‘she does care. She wants to get well. She wants a better life for herself and I think she knows deep down she deserves one, but it’s just her having the confidence and ability to get that She’s up for the challenge.’ Nicky noticed that her daughter’s self-cutting became much less significant once she ‘really started to engage in the process of dealing with the mental health issues and getting herself better.’ Anna thought her daughter had come to a greater understanding of things that had happened in the past, and now felt ‘very secure and safe within herself’. Anna told us: ‘I get the distinct feeling that she wants to wrap it up and move on, and that the self-harm was an episode within all this, albeit a very serious one.’ Jane S said her daughter didn’t want to go to university ‘feeling and looking like a freak’, so ‘there was definite desire there to try to overcome this seriously’ (see clip above).

Jo-Ann and her daughter both self-harmed. Jo-Ann says no one can stop you self-harming, you have to make the decision yourself.

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Wendy’s daughter suddenly flipped and came to her senses’ when she realised how she was affecting her mother. She decided to get on with her life; it was as if she was released.

Age at interview 64

Gender Female

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Even when their children had reduced their self-harming, parents were aware that it was a difficult struggle. Sandra said her daughter ‘still has the thoughts because she’ll tell me but she says, ‘Mum, you know, I’m surviving day by day. It’s a fight. It’s a fight to survive,” but, she says, ‘I’m not quitting because you’ve taught me not to quit and you’ve taught me to keep going.’ She says, ‘There are times when I’m faced with fear and fearful situations and I feel that I can’t cope and I can’t make it, I think about what you say and that keeps me going’.’ Some parents worried that the self-harm would begin again if their child faced further problems. In contrast, Anna thought her daughter’s self-harm was ‘a transient episode that was going to burn itself out at some point.’

Roisin was not complacent. She kept an eye on her daughter’s moods and hoped she would confide in her if she had emotional difficulties in future.

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

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Sarah Z thought her daughter’s state of mind was much better, but she worried that her daughter might harm herself again if things went wrong.

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

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Although it might take a long time, most young people who self-harm eventually stop.

Jane S realises you have to take a long-term view and support young people until they no longer need to self-harm.

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

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Thoughts about the future

The parents and carers we spoke to told us their thoughts about the future and their hopes that their child would go on to fulfil...