The vicious circles of chronic health conditions and being overweight
We talked with people diagnosed with an array of chronic conditions related to weight gain. People were usually aware that weight was a factor in...
For many of the people we spoke to ‘eating is an emotional thing’ (Meeka). Changes in weight can have both emotional causes and emotional impacts, with the two sometimes becoming intertwined in a vicious circle. For some, overeating was linked to a specific stressful or traumatic event in their life. The end of Kate’s marriage was the trigger to binge eating ‘in earnest’. Ria told us that the sudden loss of her son in a motorcycle accident saw her put on three stone in six months. Others found that stress led to repeated episodes of binge eating. Others, like Carole and Shirley, described how the progression of their illness or life events and financial worries had led them to eat in unhealthy ways. Stress was one of several emotions which led people to over eat (also known as ’emotional eating’). Maxine Mary put the emotional aspect of her overeating down to the neglect and abuse she suffered as a child. For many, eating was an attempt to change the feelings they were experiencing, such as loneliness, sadness or feeling unloved; Kate, Maxine Mary and others referred to this as ‘comfort eating’ Others said they wouldn’t call it ‘comfort eating’, because they knew they shouldn’t be doing it so it wasn’t a comfort at all.
‘I’m an emotional eater so a couple of weeks ago my husband found out he’s probably going to lose his job through things and straight away I turned to my comfort food and that’s what I do just to keep me, and even though it makes me feel worse a couple of days later, at that time if feels that’s what I need. (Shirley).
Heather said: ‘I think in some ways it’s a little bit of a viscous circle, that, the sort of comfort eating. If you’re feeling down with yourself because you’re overweight, it is quite easy to eat for comfort which makes it worse. June said that when her son was a toddler she would reward herself with a treat on a Saturday for managing all week as a single mum. Rewarding herself on a regular basis then became an ingrained habit that lasted for decades.The vicious circles of chronic health conditions and being overweight‘.
Relationships with others were a key cause of emotional eating. These could be parent child relationships, wider family relationships, romantic relationships or social relationships, for example at school or work. Angela described how she had been taunted for being fat both at home and at school, which had led her to feel depressed and suicidal in her teenage years. She turned to food, particularly chocolate: she said that her relationship with food was affected by a desire to be loved, not just as a child, but in her adult relationships too. Being overweight affected people’s body image and self-esteem in numerous ways. For example, several people said they didn’t feel as attractive or confident when they were overweight, with many feeling self-conscious and unhappy about what other people might think of them. Myra said, ‘I thought, ‘People must think I’m awful’, you know, being this size and you tend to think what people, other people will think about you, you know’. Lesley said she didn’t want people thinking she was fat because she was ‘eating fifteen pies a night’ when in fact she was trying to eat healthily. According to Ellie, ‘It’s just being judged by the rest of the world. As being fat and thick’. Low self-esteem and concerns about other people’s reactions to them led some of those we spoke to avoid social situations. Maxine Mary said she felt very self-conscious about eating in public; Heidi said she tended not to speak up in public due to lack of confidence. June X said she avoided social occasions, while Ria said the fact that she didn’t feel attractive had impacted on her ‘not wanting to put herself out there’ with internet dating. Some emotions, such as shame, were associated not only with having a bigger body size, but with the act of eating itself, particularly binge eating. Sometimes people described binge eating as being like an addiction. Kate, a recovered alcoholic, compared it to alcohol addiction, saying she had the same thought patterns: ‘So I would binge. I would sort of, my eyes would glaze over and then I’d go to bed feeling ashamed. And then in the morning I would wake up full of remorse and distress vowing I would never do it again day after day after day. Exactly the same pattern as alcohol’. Those who experienced eating as an addiction described the desperation they felt around food, feeling panicky, being unable to stop, feeling out of control and not having an ‘off button’. Depression was commonly mentioned as both a cause and a result of overeating, with some saying they were caught in a vicious circle of depression and weight gain. Carole described how losing weight and then putting it on again was ‘a sort of spiral that you go down because the depression then gets worse and you feel bad about yourself and you haven’t got the it’s all too overwhelming, so you can’t do what you know you should do’. The emotional aspect of eating made it hard for some to lose weight, even when they knew what they should be doing. Ria said, ‘I know exactly what I should be doing, and I know exactly what would solve it, and I find it almost impossible to do it’. For Christine, the emotional aspect of eating seems to depend on whether she is on or off medication. See also ‘We talked with people diagnosed with an array of chronic conditions related to weight gain. People were usually aware that weight was a factor in...
Obesity is affected by a number of environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors. These include access to an affordable and healthy diet and the availability of...