Emotional reactions to self-harm

People we spoke to told us they experienced a range of emotions when a young person was self-harming. Many were shocked and horrified at first. When Susan Y saw her daughter’s wounds she was ‘visibly shocked, very, very shocked that I’d not even noticed it. I’d not even seen it, I’d not seen the triggers, I’d not seen the signs or anything’. Gwendoline felt physically sick and stunned when she realised her daughter had started cutting again. Jane S said she was ‘beside herself with worry and shock and upset’.

When she discovered her daughter was harming herself Sharon felt sick. Then she gave her a cuddle.

Age at interview 37

Gender Female

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Jackie was horrified to find her daughter had self-harmed.

Age at interview 40

Gender Female

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The distress to families can be immense. It nearly broke Bernadette’s heart that her son could hate himself so much. ‘At the time,’ Annette explained, ‘you’re so distressed and distraught, it’s hard to think.’ Alexis felt that she was ‘becoming totally crazy.’ Audrey told us about the strain that her husband’s self-harm had placed on the family, and admitted she had been very angry. Anger was a common emotion for the people we spoke to.

Her husband’s self-harm was very stressful for Audrey. She was angry that she had to lie to their children about it.

Age at interview 30

Gender Female

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Nicky was angry about her daughter’s self-harming.

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

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Isobel was angry at first but tried to be supportive of her daughter.

Age at interview 46

Gender Female

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Alexis was also angry with her child and said ‘I felt angry at her for doing it to me. I mean she wasn’t doing it to me she did it to herself but, at that time, your emotions are saying ‘How can you do this?” Other parents were angry about mismanagement of their child’s care or people who had caused distress for their child. Sandra was angry with God. ‘There were times when I was angry’, she told us, ‘I have a faith but there were times I couldn’t pray. I used to say, ‘God, why? Why? Why my daughter? She’s been through so much already. Couldn’t you just do something or intervene or stop her doing it?” Some parents tried to hide their anger. Ann was angry at first, but decided this was not helpful. ‘We don’t judge her. There’s no point getting angry or cross. You can cry in your own time, when you’re on your own and there’s nobody else about.’

Another common theme was anxiety and fear that their child might die by suicide. (See also ‘Fears and worries‘). ‘I remember becoming really scared’, Alexis told us, ‘Is she going to do it again? Can I keep her safe?’ I had even, in my head, I knew what my daughter’s funeral was going to be like.’ Annette said she was on 24-hour red alert and was so anxious she couldn’t sleep. Although some people who self-harm may die by suicide, this is very rare.

Jane Z was afraid for her daughter but she tried not to focus on the harming.

Age at interview 49

Gender Female

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Most of the parents we talked to had felt guilty when their child self-harmed, perhaps feeling bad that they had not noticed their child’s distress or done something to prevent self-harm. Others blamed themselves for things like the breakup of a marriage which might have made their child unhappy, or questioned their early parenting skills. Two parents felt guilty that they might have passed on genes to their children which made them more likely to self-harm. People talked about their sense of shame and thinking they were a failure as a parent.

Joanna felt a failure when her daughter self-harmed and worried that she had been a bad mother.

Age at interview 46

Gender Female

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Jo blamed herself for her daughter’s problems.

Gender Female

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However, many had come to terms with their feelings of guilt: Tracey learnt through counselling that it was better to focus on what you can do rather than what you think you’ve done wrong. Alexis thought that guilt about the past was pointless as it didn’t help her be a good mother or a balanced person. Nicky’s Samaritan training enabled her to distance herself from feelings of guilt.

Dot’s feelings of guilt about her daughter’s self-harm eventually passed.

Age at interview 57

Gender Female

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Her training as a Samaritan helped Nicky deal with her feelings of guilt.

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

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Several parents talked about feeling bewildered and confused. Nick said his first reaction was that it couldn’t really be happening. He felt ‘incredibly helpless’ and ‘absolutely clueless in terms of what you should do, what the next steps are.’ Sarah Y told a doctor when her daughter was admitted after an overdose: ‘I don’t know what to feel because I’m at a loss as to why she’s done it. I just cannot work out what’s going on inside her head.’ Sarah felt totally bewildered. It was upsetting that she couldn’t help and didn’t know what to do.

Susan Z felt scared and confused when she discovered that her daughter was cutting herself.

Age at interview 58

Gender Female

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Pat felt confused and kept asking himself what he could have done differently.

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

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Even though they were struggling with many different emotions, parents tried to hide their feelings from their child. Liz reacted practically when bandaging her daughter’s cuts, but afterwards she ‘fell apart’. Anna said there was no point screaming and shouting at her daughter because that wasn’t going to work and it was clear that she needed some help. Roisin tried to appear calm when her daughter described her cutting to a doctor, but was ‘screaming inside’. She said the last thing her daughter needed was ‘some hysterical woman crying uncontrollably saying ‘Why do you do these terrible things?” Joanne has gone through so much that she now feels numb: ‘Actually, I don’t get upset anymore because I’m just numb so I just get on. I don’t forget about my daughter but forget all the things that she’s done and just keep looking forwards because that’s all I can do.’

Although Joanna did show her disappointment, she didn’t shout or criticise her daughter.

Age at interview 46

Gender Female

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When Tracey was able to put her own emotions aside it helped her son.

Age at interview 52

Gender Female

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Discovering self-harm

We asked parents how they first discovered that their child was self-harming. This could be a sudden shocking revelation or a gradual realisation that all...