Signs and symptoms of breast cancer in women

There are different stages of breast cancer and the earlier it is diagnosed and treated, the better the long-term prospects for women with the disease.

Over the last 40 years, the breast cancer survival rate has doubled (Cancer Research UK 2014). This is mainly because there is now much more effective treatment than in the past, but it is also due to the successful efforts to arrive at early diagnosis.

The National Breast Screening Programme, which targets women aged 47–73, is an important way to detect cancer early and that around a third of breast cancers are now diagnosed through screening (The Department of Health’s Improving Outcomes’ A Strategy for Cancer – Third Annual Report December 2013), but it is not the only way breast cancer is detected and there is a need to continue to make women aware of the importance of breast awareness, for example checking their breasts regularly.

Here, women discuss how they discovered their illness.

Most breast cancer is discovered by the woman herself, or in some cases by her partner. When Janet found a lump, she showed it to her daughter who is a GP.

Janet had always feared getting breast cancer. Her daughter felt the lump and advised her to see…

Gender Female

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Tess said she’d always been aware she could get breast cancer because of her family history. Her mother and paternal grandmother had both had it. She found a lump at the age of 33 while she was on holiday.

Not knowing whether she had cancer was a difficult and lonely time. Tests showed that the lump…

Age at interview 38

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 33

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Verite had been feeling under the weather. She didnt have any other symptoms but felt she had…

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 54

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Some women saw their GP straight away. Several also described the tests which were carried out before the diagnosis was confirmed.

Ingrid delayed going for breast screening and found it difficult to re-arrange her appointment…

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 58

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Describes the tests she had to diagnose her cancer.

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 44

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For some women, it was a problem deciding when to be concerned about a lump in their breast. Several said they’d always had lumpy breasts before a period, and a few had attended hospital for lumps which turned out to be benign in the past.

One woman said that the breast where she found the lump had always been larger than the other breast and that she had not noticed the change in it. Another discovered a lump while she was breastfeeding and one woman was diagnosed during pregnancy.

Explains that the lump she found was different to any others she had had and turned out to be…

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 48

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Explains that the breast with a lump had always been larger than the other breast.

Age at interview 34

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 34

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Describes discovering a lump in her breast while she was pregnant.

Age at interview 34

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 30

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One young woman was only 18 when she developed breast cancer. It is extremely rare to develop breast cancer at such a young age. Although she consulted her GP soon after discovering the lump, it was not until she realised that it was growing very quickly that she was referred to hospital.

Explains that malignant lumps are rare in young women and that she was referred to hospital when…

Age at interview 19

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 18

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Other women discovered their breast cancer through screening (mammography), often as part of the national breast screening programme. One woman, however, had a mammogram as part of a clinical trial she was involved in, and another had gone for a routine annual check-up when she was diagnosed.

Explains that her breast cancer was discovered through a routine mammogram and confirmed by…

Age at interview 56

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 55

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More experiences of breast cancer diagnosed through routine breast screening can be found on our Breast screening section.

Although it is mostly true to say that breast cancer lumps are not painful, sometimes this is not the case and it was pain which first alerted women to the problem. One woman had inflammatory breast cancer and experienced both pain and an itchy nipple.

Explains how breast pain and an itchy nipple led to her diagnosis of breast cancer.

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 46

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Breast cancer awareness includes noticing changes to the nipple. One woman with inflammatory breast cancer experienced some pain but became aware of a problem when she noticed that her nipple was inverted. Another woman who noticed changes in her nipple was discovered to have Paget’s disease (a cancer that affects the nipple, making it look like eczema). Individual participants reported breast hardness, a swollen breast and breast ‘thickening’. Symptoms can also include dimpling of the skin on the breast, a blood stained discharge from the nipple, a rash on a nipple or surrounding area and a swelling or lump in the armpit.

Explains that an inverted nipple alerted her to her illness.

Age at interview 52

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 48

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When breast cancer returns

Many of the women we interviewed had not had any recurrence of their original cancer. A few women, however, had developed pre-cancerous changes in the previously unaffected breast (DCIS or ductal carcinoma in situ) requiring further treatment. Gillian was shocked to find out she had DCIS in the same breast as she’d had invasive breast cancer, and had a mastectomy. Two women had developed second lumps which turned out to be new cancers rather than spread from the original cancer. One woman described the discovery of secondary cancer.

Gillian was diagnosed with DCIS at a follow-up appointment in which she was given a mammogram.

Age at interview 55

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 51

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Describes the symptoms that lead to the discovery that the cancer had spread to her bones.

Age at interview 56

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 53

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It can be shocking and upsetting to be told you have breast cancer again or DCIS. Gillian was “shocked and dumbfounded” when she was diagnosed with DCIS a few years after having invasive breast cancer.

Gillian never thought shed get cancer in the same place again. This time she had DCIS.

Age at interview 55

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 51

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More experiences of DCIS can be found on our Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) section.

We also have a section on breast cancer in men.

Breast cancer in women

In this section you can find out about women's experiences of primary breast cancer by seeing and hearing people share their personal stories on film....