Cervical abnormalities (CIN3/CGIN): cone biopsy

A cone biopsy involves removing a slightly larger part of the cervix than with a LLETZ biopsy. With a LLETZ, the cells at the edges of the specimen are not always seen as clearly through a microscope as those taken by a cone biopsy.

A cone biopsy is usually done under a general anaesthetic, though very small cone biopsies can be performed under local anaesthetic. A vaginal pack is sometimes put in place in the operating theatre while the woman is under anaesthetic. This is like a long bandage that puts pressure on the biopsy site and so helps to stop any bleeding, a bit like putting pressure on a cut to stop it bleeding. Some women feel a deep ache and / or tenderness in their pelvis after surgery so it can help to have painkillers at home. Many women feel tired for a few days or even a week or so after having general anaesthetic.

Some of the women we interviewed were told at colposcopy that they would need to have a cone biopsy. Several found waiting for the appointment difficult and worrying. A few women were worried that they might have cervical cancer.

Michelle was extremely anxious because she didnt know whether she had cervical cancer as well as…

Age at interview 31

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 30

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Maria read a book about complementary approaches to cancer and changed her diet before surgery…

Age at interview 34

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 33

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For some, the thought of having a general anaesthetic caused anxiety and several looked for more information.

A doctor explains that, these days, general anaesthesia is completely safe.

Gender Female

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Colleen had never been in hospital before. The thought of having general anaesthetic frightened…

Age at interview 25

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 25

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Several women described what happened on the day of treatment. Although some were worried beforehand, most said it went well and they felt fine when they came round. Marjory, who’d been treated by cone biopsy over twenty years ago, remembers little about her treatment.

Katie was a bit tearful before surgery, but the next thing she knew the operation was over. She…

Age at interview 28

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 28

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Gillian didnt know shed had a cone biopsy until later. The appointment felt rushed and, because…

Age at interview 30

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 27

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Many women feel tired for a few days or even a week or so after having a general anaesthetic (see Healing after a LLETZ or cone biopsy for women’s experiences of their recovery).

A few women who had small cone biopsies had them under a local anaesthetic. Two would have liked more information because they didn’t know they’d had a cone biopsy until they received their results letter. Gillian also found the procedure painful.

Debbie said her questions werent answered and she was given very little information. She is…

Age at interview 36

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 24

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Gillian found the procedure very painful even after being given more local anaesthetic. Her body…

Age at interview 30

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 27

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Marjory had a cone biopsy in 1984 and has been clear ever since.

Age at interview 64

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 39

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Women were pleased to hear that their results showed the abnormal cells had all been removed. One woman, though, felt unsure whether this was the case or whether she’d need more treatment at her first follow-up appointment.

When Katie saw the doctor about her results, she was unsure whether all the abnormal cells had…

Age at interview 28

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 28

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Many women felt that the emotional side of having CIN/CGIN and a cone biopsy was more difficult than the physical (see ‘Emotional effects’).

More experiences of cone biopsy can be found on our Cervical screening site.

LLETZ (loop diathermy)

The most common treatment for CIN2 and CIN3 these days is loop diathermy also know as LLETZ: large loop excision of the transformation zone (known...