How depression feels

In the United States, clinical guidelines and/or DSM-V Criteria describe specific signs and symptoms professionals can use to diagnose depression*. In this section of the website, we focus on something different: how depression feels to young adults while they are living inside of it, as described by those we interviewed. (For summaries of how it feels for young adults to cycle in and out of depression, or how it feels to be healing from it, see ‘Cycles of depression and maintaining hope‘ and ‘Depression and healing.’)

Young adults have a variety of experiences with depression, but one thing all those we talked to shared is the feeling that they are somehow separated from the rest of the world. Each person described, in one way or another, being in their ‘own little world,’ losing their motivation to do things, and becoming socially isolated. One person talked about ‘feeling so alien to the rest of the world around me.’ Sam said that when he’s depressed he has to ‘unplug and not really communicate with anyone.'

Marty describes how he could not get out of bed.

Age at interview 28

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 11

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For many people, that sense of isolation was accompanied by feeling overwhelmed. Some described this as everything becoming unmanageably ‘abrasive to my senses’: bright lights, groups of other people, noise, daylight. Others talked about everyday responsibilities like school work becoming ‘frightening,’ or dissolving in tears while in public without knowing why.

Sam says that during bad periods of depression, his experience of being overwhelmed is itself overwhelming.

Age at interview 23

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 19

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Metaphors about depression

For many of those we interviewed, ordinary language and descriptions were not nuanced enough to capture the complexity of how depression feels. Instead, they invented figures of speech (metaphors), or a comparison between their depression and something else (analogies). One person with mild depression said it was like ‘the most uncomfortable nothing.’ Others who were suffering more intensely said it was like being stuck in a hole or ‘very tight bubble,’ being ‘uncomfortable in my own skin,’ or living in a ‘shroud of darkness.’ Ryan described his depression as ‘like you have this huge ball of yarn that you’re never going to untangle but you keep trying anyways and it’s just painstaking.’ Colin says for him depression can be a form of tunnel vision, and feeling better would mean getting his peripheral vision back.

When he is depressed, Joey sees the world as a dead field; when he’s not depressed, it can be more like an awesome forest.

Age at interview 28

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 26

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Shayne sees her two cats as representing different sides of her: the outgoing, friendly side and the depressed, anxious one.

Age at interview 27

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 13

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For Elizabeth, being depressed is like being a piece of the jigsaw puzzle, which just doesn’t fit.

Age at interview 28

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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Numb, empty, comfortable in misery

Many people talked about emptiness of one kind or another as integral to their experience of depression. Jackson described the feeling as being ‘dead inside.’ Colin said depression is being ’empty and lost and so un-expressibly sad.’ For Sophie, it is a ‘constant sort of flat line state,’ going through the motions feeling ’empty and gray.'

After a bout of intense sadness and crying, Leanna feels the numbness of depression descend. This is the scariest part of being depressed.

Age at interview 23

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 15

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When he was depressed, Jacob didn’t feel enjoyment: he just felt empty.

Age at interview 25

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 18

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Many people do eventually become motivated to ease the dark feelings associated with their depression. But for others the miseries of depression can grow to feel very comfortable. For some, it creates a passive yet powerful pull to ‘wallow’ or ‘give in’ to depressed habits and feelings. For others, these feelings grow to be the familiar ground on which they want to remain. As Leanna put it, ‘ depression can kind of sometimes be like a security blanket, it can kind of be like something you want to immerse yourself in because it’s such a strong feeling that you think that like this is how I’m supposed to feel.'

Pete’s depression sometimes keeps him locked up in a comfy prison.

Age at interview 25

Gender Male

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Elizabeth describes wanting to protect her depression because it feels comfortable, and hiding it from professionals she saw after a suicide attempt who might force her to address it.

Age at interview 28

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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Low self esteem

Depression for many people includes pervasive feelings of low self-worth. Many people said their depression includes feelings that you ‘don’t measure up,’ are ‘not worthy,’ or are ‘not good enough [and] not doing enough.” Sometimes these feelings stem from a history of abuse or neglect. In other cases, they are connected to gender and body image: a number of women we interviewed said that when they hit adolescence, self- consciousness about their bodies grew to self-loathing and became central to their depression.

Nadina has always felt inadequate, even in her gender, and thinks this feeling underlies her depression.

Age at interview 23

Gender Female

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For some people, perfectionism is a marked feature of low self-esteem. For people with this tendency, good feelings about themselves depend on excelling at everything. When the fragile system of perfectionism fails, as it unavoidably must, depression rushes in. As Crystal puts it, the smallest failure can result in ‘punishing myself to an extreme extent.'

Julia feels she will never be as good as other people. This, in turn, feeds into her depression.

Age at interview 22

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 16

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Ryan’s perfectionism makes it hard for him to counter depression with any sense of satisfaction about his accomplishments.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 13

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Being trapped in negative thought patterns

Negative or destructive thought patterns are a common part of depression for many people. People we spoke to described this as ‘negative self-talk;’ others as being ‘trapped in my head,’ ‘thoughts going crazy,’ or ‘a mental self-sabotage spiral of just doubt, self-doubt.’ People recognized these patterns as dysfunctional, but they are not easy to overcome because, as Jeremy put it, ‘negativity begets negativity.'

Meghan describes her depression as all in her head, her mind is uncontrollably racing with negative thoughts, to the point where she can’t focus.

Age at interview 18

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 18

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(See also ‘Depression and everyday life‘, ‘Depression and relationships‘, ‘Depression and anxiety‘, ‘Depression and eating disorders‘, ‘Depression and healing‘, ‘Depression, bias and disadvantage‘).

References
*Mitchell, J., et al. “Adult depression in primary care.” Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Updated September (2013).

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