Emotions, emotional eating and self esteem issues

For many of the people we spoke to ‘eating is an emotional thing’ (Meeka). Changes in weight can have both emotional causes and emotional impacts, with the two sometimes becoming intertwined in a vicious circle.

While there are many reasons why people put on weight, June thinks that at the root of it all is emotions.

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

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For some, overeating was linked to a specific stressful or traumatic event in their life. The end of Kate’s marriage was the trigger to binge eating ‘in earnest’. Ria told us that the sudden loss of her son in a motorcycle accident saw her put on three stone in six months. Others found that stress led to repeated episodes of binge eating. Others, like Carole and Shirley, described how the progression of their illness or life events and financial worries had led them to eat in unhealthy ways.

Ellie says that her diet goes out the window’ every time her son has problems and that when he is fine things are fine with her too.

Age at interview 69

Gender Female

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After losing her son in a motorbike accident, Ria put three stone on by binge eating.

Age at interview 73

Gender Female

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After his heart attack Colin was scared to go out but he didn’t talk to anyone about his fears in case they laughed at him. Staying at home and being inactive led him to put on more weight. He now realises it would have been better to talk to someone.

Age at interview 72

Gender Male

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Stress was one of several emotions which led people to over eat (also known as ’emotional eating’). Maxine Mary put the emotional aspect of her overeating down to the neglect and abuse she suffered as a child. For many, eating was an attempt to change the feelings they were experiencing, such as loneliness, sadness or feeling unloved; Kate, Maxine Mary and others referred to this as ‘comfort eating’

Maxine Mary describes the emotional dimension of her overeating: I get off the phone from my mother and I’ve got my head in the fridge.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

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Kate, a recovered alcoholic, comfort ate to change her feelings.

Age at interview 58

Gender Female

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Others said they wouldn’t call it ‘comfort eating’, because they knew they shouldn’t be doing it so it wasn’t a comfort at all.

‘I’m an emotional eater so a couple of weeks ago my husband found out he’s probably going to lose his job through things and straight away I turned to my comfort food and that’s what I do just to keep me, and even though it makes me feel worse a couple of days later, at that time if feels that’s what I need. (Shirley).

Heather said: ‘I think in some ways it’s a little bit of a viscous circle, that, the sort of comfort eating. If you’re feeling down with yourself because you’re overweight, it is quite easy to eat for comfort which makes it worse. June said that when her son was a toddler she would reward herself with a treat on a Saturday for managing all week as a single mum. Rewarding herself on a regular basis then became an ingrained habit that lasted for decades.

For June, comfort eating soon turned into a habit that has lasted for decades. Her inability to change her behaviour has left her feeling a failure.

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

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Relationships with others were a key cause of emotional eating. These could be parent child relationships, wider family relationships, romantic relationships or social relationships, for example at school or work. Angela described how she had been taunted for being fat both at home and at school, which had led her to feel depressed and suicidal in her teenage years. She turned to food, particularly chocolate: she said that her relationship with food was affected by a desire to be loved, not just as a child, but in her adult relationships too.

Angela felt fat and insecure and just wanted to be loved.

Age at interview 51

Gender Female

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Being overweight affected people’s body image and self-esteem in numerous ways. For example, several people said they didn’t feel as attractive or confident when they were overweight, with many feeling self-conscious and unhappy about what other people might think of them. Myra said, ‘I thought, ‘People must think I’m awful’, you know, being this size and you tend to think what people, other people will think about you, you know’. Lesley said she didn’t want people thinking she was fat because she was ‘eating fifteen pies a night’ when in fact she was trying to eat healthily. According to Ellie, ‘It’s just being judged by the rest of the world. As being fat and thick’.

Lesley feels she is letting health professionals and her family down by being overweight, as if she was abusing’ the second chance given to her following her cardiac arrest.

Age at interview 60

Gender Female

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June avoids social occasions because of being fat. She explains that being overweight hurts both physically and mentally.

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

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Low self-esteem and concerns about other people’s reactions to them led some of those we spoke to avoid social situations. Maxine Mary said she felt very self-conscious about eating in public; Heidi said she tended not to speak up in public due to lack of confidence. June X said she avoided social occasions, while Ria said the fact that she didn’t feel attractive had impacted on her ‘not wanting to put herself out there’ with internet dating.

Ellie is ashamed to ask for a seatbelt extension on flights. She feels judged by other people who may assume that her weight is her fault.

Age at interview 69

Gender Female

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Liz dreads the idea of having to wear a flimsy dress at a wedding in a hot country. She says that people need to know how much unhappiness is due to being overweight.

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

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Some emotions, such as shame, were associated not only with having a bigger body size, but with the act of eating itself, particularly binge eating. Sometimes people described binge eating as being like an addiction. Kate, a recovered alcoholic, compared it to alcohol addiction, saying she had the same thought patterns: ‘So I would binge. I would sort of, my eyes would glaze over and then I’d go to bed feeling ashamed. And then in the morning I would wake up full of remorse and distress vowing I would never do it again day after day after day. Exactly the same pattern as alcohol’. Those who experienced eating as an addiction described the desperation they felt around food, feeling panicky, being unable to stop, feeling out of control and not having an ‘off button’.

Carole gets panicky if she doesn’t have bread in the house because it’s like a drug.

Age at interview 59

Gender Female

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Depression was commonly mentioned as both a cause and a result of overeating, with some saying they were caught in a vicious circle of depression and weight gain. Carole described how losing weight and then putting it on again was ‘a sort of spiral that you go down because the depression then gets worse and you feel bad about yourself and you haven’t got the it’s all too overwhelming, so you can’t do what you know you should do’. The emotional aspect of eating made it hard for some to lose weight, even when they knew what they should be doing. Ria said, ‘I know exactly what I should be doing, and I know exactly what would solve it, and I find it almost impossible to do it’. For Christine, the emotional aspect of eating seems to depend on whether she is on or off medication.

Christine feels that she is caught in a vicious circle: when on antidepressants she puts on weight and off medication she loses weight but feels miserable.

Age at interview 53

Gender Female

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See also ‘The vicious circles of chronic health conditions and being overweight‘.