Vulnerability to infection

The immune system is the body’s natural defence against infection. Cancer or its treatment can affect the way the immune system works. Having surgery can introduce an infection risk at the operation site. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can weaken the immune system temporarily meaning that people having these treatments are more likely to catch infections for a while after each treatment and for a few months after treatment is completed. They may also find it more difficult to overcome the infection. In lymphoma or leukaemia the condition itself can reduce the effectiveness of the immune system, such that an infection that might be trivial to a healthy person can be debilitating and potentially life-threatening for someone with this type of cancer. For many people treated for cancer, their immune system recovers over time and their resistance to infection returns to normal, while others are left with a compromised immune system for the long-term.

Since having radiotherapy for cervical cancer she has had frequent ear infections, colds and flu,…

Age at interview 42

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 36

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Five years after having lymphoma he realises that his immune system is never going to be the same…

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 38

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Colds, flu and chest infections were common among people we interviewed but other types of infections also occurred. A woman who had lymphoma 11 years ago with complications including fluid in her lungs said she had had pneumonia twice within the last year. Fourteen years after having radiotherapy for penile cancer, a man still suffers with infections on his penis. A woman who had a colostomy for bowel cancer 16 years ago had occasional gut infections but irrigates her stoma regularly to reduce the likelihood of infection and to get rid of infections quickly when they occur. A woman who had ovarian cancer 7 years ago said that she tried to pace herself because if she did too much she went down with ‘every infection that was going’.
Some people said that an infection they had contracted after their cancer treatment had made them more ill or had a greater impact on them than the cancer and its treatment

He returned to full-time work 18 months after his lymphoma treatment but then developed shingles…

Age at interview 53

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 47

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Three years after having ovarian cancer she developed a rare type of meningitis and was…

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 35

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In people who are vulnerable to infection due to a weakened immune system it is important to take steps to avoid contracting an infection, and to seek treatment quickly as soon as they suspect they are infected. People who have a weakened immune system as a result of cancer treatment are recommended to have a flu jab each year. Some people we spoke with said that they avoided public places or kept other people who had colds and infections at a distance; others took vitamin C supplements to try to strengthen their immune system. While some people said they went to their GP for antibiotics immediately they suspected they had caught an infection, others had been given a stock of antibiotics to take if the need arose.

Janet has chronic leukaemia and takes antibiotics at the first sign of infection; she caught one…

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 63

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Having had Non-Hodgkins lymphoma he gets antibiotics from his GP as soon as he starts developing…

Age at interview 65

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 52

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He had pneumonia during his leukaemia treatment and 8 years on still gets chesty; having moved…

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 35

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The spleen plays an important part in the body’s immune system, and treatment for some types of cancer can include surgical removal of the spleen. Some people we spoke to had lost their spleen as part of treatment for lymphoma, leukaemia or pancreatic cancer, and had to take antibiotics every day to try to prevent themselves catching infections. People who have had their spleen removed, and some other people with cancer, are recommended to take antibiotics for the rest of their life, but Elaine, who has survived 14 years from a pancreatic cancer diagnosis, said she took them for just two years.

Michael is in remission from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and takes daily antibiotics to keep…

Age at interview 60

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 54

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People whose cancer treatment includes a stem cell transplant from a donor are advised to repeat all their childhood immunisations and travel inoculations before going abroad.

Pain

Most people living beyond cancer do not experience long term pain. However some people do and this is either due to direct damage to tissues...