Emotional and psychological aspects of breastfeeding

From the women we spoke to, it seemed that breastfeeding was as much about emotions as it was about the physical transfer of breast milk from mother to baby. It was an emotional roller coaster, especially at specific times like getting started, when dealing with difficulties and weaning. There were great highs when things were going well and the women were feeling confident and lows that could be devastating when they were not. One woman said, “It’s a very emotional time. I think your hormones are all over the place after birth.”

Many people talked about the satisfaction and joy of breastfeeding or watching their wife/partner breastfeeding. Many women talked about the strong emotional bond that developed between them and their baby and they were proud that they had managed to sustain and nurture another person.

He felt absolute joy watching his wife breastfeeding their baby.

Age at interview 38

Gender Male

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When she looked back, proud was the word that she used to describe how she felt about her…

Age at interview 26

Gender Female

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Many women talked about growing in confidence as their breastfeeding progressed and their baby thrived and was happy, and as their family grew in size. Some women talked about being embarrassed and lacking in confidence with their first child but being more relaxed and easy going with their second. Some felt that the hands-on approach of some midwives crossed personal boundaries and did not help their confidence (see ‘Positioning and attaching/latching the baby at the breast’ and ‘Support from hospital staff’).

Having the midwife shove her breast into her babys mouth did nothing for her confidence in…

Age at interview 27

Gender Female

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Several women talked about simply needing reassurance and eventually developing the confidence to follow their own instincts. Breastfeeding was, for many women, a powerful symbol of their new role as mothers but sometimes when it didn’t happen quite as they had hoped they talked about feeling guilty or disappointed that they had failed to live up to their own expectations of being a mother. Several women made comments similar to this woman’s: “Breastfeeding is so wound up in your emotions and your psyche if somebody puts a question mark of doubt in your mind it is going to have a negative effect even if you think it won’t.”

For example, one young woman whose 6 week old baby had not had a dirty nappy for a few days was told by her doctor to give a bottle of water to her baby. He said that her milk was too thick on account of her not drinking much water herself. She preferred tea. It was clear that the doctor’s comments had undermined her confidence in her milk, because she said “I’m going to keep giving her water because there is obviously something wrong with my milk”.*

She got in touch with her body through pregnancy and breastfeeding and tried to follow her…

Age at interview 34

Gender Female

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Many talked about adjusting to their loss of independence and some talked about getting their body back at the time of weaning. One woman, who found breastfeeding physically and emotionally hard work, said that she had never heard the psychological impact of breastfeeding discussed by health professionals.

Her exhaustion affected her milk supply. She needed to call on family support and slow down. She…

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

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A few women talked about the grief of having a sick baby and the psychological benefits of being able to focus on providing breastmilk for her/him. It gave them the satisfaction of feeling that they could do something.

Being able to provide breastmilk for her daughter, who was very ill in hospital and so helpless,…

Age at interview 36

Gender Female

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Being unable to breastfeed her baby felt like grief because she had lost something that was very…

Age at interview 36

Gender Female

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Many women talked about anxiety and being anxious for a variety of reasons. Some women were anxious when they were separated from their baby after the birth and unable to breastfeed straight away (see ‘Dealing with difficult times’ and ‘The first breastfeed’). Others, especially first time mothers, felt anxious about the responsibility of looking after a baby (see ‘Going home with a breastfed baby’). One woman laughed at herself for being so concerned about germs that she would not take her baby out of the house for the first couple of weeks and then, when she did, she wiped the supermarket trolley with wet wipes before putting her baby into it. Some women, who were away from family and friends, were very lonely and this loneliness sometimes affected their ability to breastfeed their babies.

Away from family and friends, she was very lonely, her baby was unsettled and she weaned…

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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Several women prematurely weaned their baby onto infant formula because of circumstances at the time but later regretted it (see ‘Breastfeeding and working’). Many said that they felt guilty and like a failure when breastfeeding did not go according to expectations (see ‘Getting support for breastfeeding’ and ‘Monitoring baby’s growth’). One said that she felt jealous when she saw other women happily breastfeeding. Another, who was unable to breastfeed her baby who had a cleft palate, said that it was painful to watch other breastfeeding women at a mother and tots group (see Interview 13 above). A few women felt like a failure because their birth experience had not been what they planned and so they focused on their breastfeeding experience as a sort of compensation (see ‘Dealing with difficult times’).

She naively assumed that breastfeeding would be easy but found that it wasn’t. She was determined…

Age at interview 22

Gender Female

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Lizzie says that the official support saying breast is best’ made her feel isolated and that she wasn’t a good mum.

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Jessy explains why she couldn’t continue breastfeeding and how she felt when she decided to prematurely wean her baby.

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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A few women described their emotions as having a strong physical component. For example, one woman talked about taking her sick baby out of his cot and curling up together like spoons so that it felt as though they were still physically connected (see ‘The first breastfeed’). This same woman talked about breastfeeding being associated with closeness which she described as ‘a warmth in the belly’. Another woman talked about how her previously breastfed baby suddenly decided to breastfeed again after a long period of tube and cup feeding in hospital and the relief could be seen in her gestures and posture. One woman gave a very graphic description of how her milk let-down even when her baby was not with her.

Her emotions at hearing her baby’s cry over the telephone translated into the physical experience…

Age at interview 27

Gender Female

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Some of the more unusual emotional reactions included a few women who talked about losing or taking control of the situation. One woman said, “I felt quite humiliated, almost. I remember thinking, before you have a baby you have bodily fluids but somehow they’re more kept away or discreet or something, and then you suddenly have a baby and it’s like bodily fluids are everywhere. There’s baby posset [regurgitated milk], there’s milk coming out of your breasts everywhere, you’re bleeding after the birth and it just seemed like suddenly I’d kind of gone back to this state of nature or something and I didn’t feel like, kind of, the modern professional woman I’d felt before.”

*Footnote: It is quite normal for a breastfed baby to have several dirty nappies a day or to go for several days without one. It is normal for a breastfed baby over six weeks old to go for up to ten days without a dirty nappy. Babies who are being breastfed without restriction do not need extra water. Mothers should drink to satisfy their thirst and it does not always have to be water.

Variations of the breastfeeding experience

A variety of health organisations (such as the World Health Organisation (WHO)*1, the UK Department of Health, NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)...

Cultural aspects of breastfeeding

Historical, family, cultural and ethnic background had shaped their breastfeeding experience for many of the women. Several talked about the bottle-feeding culture of previous generations...