Relationships, sex and contraception and the menopause

In any relationship there are times when couples face challenges. The menopause can be one such time. Faced with a loss of sex drive and other symptoms which make them feel hot, anxious and uncomfortable, women may find they no longer want to have sex as much as they did before the menopause. Communication can become strained, with partners feeling rejected and at a loss to know how best to support their menopausal partner. Women told us how their symptoms affected their relationships, and about sex and contraception during the menopause.

How symptoms affect relationships

Menopausal symptoms are often at odds with a harmonious relationship. From a woman’s perspective, having to share a bed can add to the heat she’s experiencing with hot flushes (see Hot flushes and night sweats). Embarrassed and uncomfortable, her instinct is to get away, to find a cool spot to recover. Yet the double bed symbolises togetherness, and pushing a partner away or leaving the room, can be felt as rejection. Moreover hot flushes and sweats interrupt the partner’s sleep, with tiredness adding to tensions in the relationship (see Sleep).

Christina didnt want her partner near her when she was having a hot sweat

Age at interview 52

Gender Female

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Mood swings, premenstrual tension (PMT), and emotional problems can also create a volatile atmosphere in the home. Women may act irrationally, be quick to anger, and feel as if they are nit-picking or constantly nagging. Or, in the interests of keeping the peace they may try to keep a lid on their emotions, removing themselves from tense situations and adding further to the pressure they’re feeling. Partners are left in a ‘no win’ situation. To respond may lead to “stonking rows”; to retreat and “keep their mouth shut” risks creating distance in the relationship. Some women wondered why their partners couldn’t give them the support and understanding they badly needed.

Karens moods badly affected her relationship

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

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Susan describes how her partner dealt with her mood swings

Age at interview 55

Gender Female

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With good communication, couples in established relationships may find ways of getting over these challenges. However, starting a new relationship during the menopause can be difficult. Women said that physical and emotional symptoms got in the way of them looking and feeling their best. They felt this put strain on the relationship. One woman, suffering from menopausal depression, was not surprised when her partner met somebody else.

It is hard for her husband to empathise with how Jackie is feeling

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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Sex and intimacy

For many couples, sex remains an important aspect of relationships throughout the menopause and beyond. Some women talked of sexual freedom and greater enjoyment of sex once they no longer had periods and risked pregnancy. However, symptoms such as hot flushes and sweats, heavy bleeding, loss of sex drive, and vaginal dryness can destroy women’s interest in sex (see Libido, vaginal dryness and urinary problems, Hot flushes and night sweats, Changes in periods).

Charlottes hot sweats and heavy bleeding affect love-making

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

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Loss of interest in sex may not always be problematic, nor do women always need penetrative sex. As one woman remarked, “intimacy is not just intercourse.” In some couples, the woman’s declining interest in sex was matched by her partner’s loss of sex drive. Women talked about maintaining a loving relationship by sharing “personal, private things”, enjoying “kisses and cuddles” or a massage. Good communication and adapting to changing needs can ensure that couples remain close.

Denise, whose lessened interest in sex coincided with her partners midlife crisis, stresses the…

Age at interview 53

Gender Female

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Tensions in the relationship may arise when women cannot meet their partner’s needs. One woman recounted how her lack of interest in sex, at odds with her husband’s high sex drive, made life “quite fractious” until they sorted it out. Another said she had to make a “conscious effort” to remember her partner’s needs to prevent them drifting apart. Despite a lack of desire, some women may find that they “thoroughly enjoy making love” once their partner instigates it.

Sharon fears her lack of interest in sex may jeopardize her relationship

Age at interview 51

Gender Female

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Cultural practices which stipulate times of the month when couples can touch and have sex may also strain relationships.

Brenda, an Orthodox Jewish woman, discusses how loss of interest in sex and her inability to…

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

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Contraception around the menopause

Some women mistakenly believe that they can’t get pregnant during the menopause. Although fertility declines after the age of 35, pregnancy can and often does happen. For this reason, the Family Planning Association (FPA) advises women under 50 to continue contraception for two years after the menopause, and those over 50 for one year after the menopause.

Annette was on the pill and had started the menopause when she fell pregnant with her son

Age at interview 46

Gender Female

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A range of contraceptive methods can be used, including barrier methods such as condoms and caps, the mini-pill (a progesterone only pill), and sterilisation. Hormone coils, such as the Mirena coil, which are inserted into the uterus, can help with heavy bleeding as well as act as a contraceptive. The ‘rhythm method’ of natural family planning is unreliable during the menopause because the periods are unpredictable.

Dr Sally Hope talks about the controversy surrounding the use of the contraceptive pill during…

Gender Female

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Sonia had a Mirena coil fitted to regulate her periods and for contraception

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

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Maria has had problems with a contraceptive implant in her arm

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

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The risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is increased during the menopause and postmenopausal period; vaginal dryness makes women more susceptible to infection. Practising safe sex by using condoms is particularly important in having sex with a new partner.

Dr Sally Hope talks about the increase in sexually transmitted diseases among older people and…

Gender Female

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Relationships are rarely easy. Around the menopause, couples may need to respond not only to the effect of menopausal symptoms and changing sexual desires, but also to a range of health and social factors which can threaten their wellbeing (see Family, health and life events). Finding a way through this can be challenging. The page Advice to partners offers a range of suggestions on how partners can best respond to the difficulties which confront women at this stage of their lives.

Sleep and the menopause

Many women in midlife have difficulty sleeping and for those with moderate or severe sleeping problems it is likely that this will increase as they...