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Experiences of parents and carers of young trans and gender diverse people

Making sense of their child’s gender identity

The parents we spoke to described a variety of emotions and different stages as they made sense of their child’s gender identity. For many parents, the way they understood and felt about it changed over time. They often described their experiences as a ‘journey’, and most thought things got easier and better. Jan said: ‘It wasn't always easy in the earlier days. But yeah, it got easier as time went on.’
 
 

Josie talked about the different stages in her journey of understanding and accepting her trans daughter.

Josie talked about the different stages in her journey of understanding and accepting her trans daughter.

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I had a chance to think about this, because yeah and I think the journey for me was kind of three really different stages. And what's funny about it is that, if you'd asked me at any of those stages if I was being supportive and if I was supportive of trans young people, I would have said, yes. But kind of looking back, I can see that because it's changed over time sort of looking back at where I was in other stages, I can see that wasn't necessarily the case. So, the first stage when we learned that our daughter was trans we were very, very worried because her mental health was really poor so she was having a lot of suicidal thoughts and she was really depressed. And so we were really, really scared about that. And at that point, I was absolutely, one of my fears was that she wasn't really trans, that it was some sort of psychological thing that she was, it was a delusion. That wasn't really what was going on at all. And, at that point, I had a really kind of medicalised view of it, so I was desperate to get to the GIDS and get what at that time I would have called the diagnosis, because I was really, really worried that she thought she was trans, but she wasn't, if that makes sense. And then later on, when we got a bit further through, I was really, I believed that she was trans and there was sort of two things going on at once, so I was getting more informed and I was fighting a lot of battles for her and I was kind of making, I was doing everything I could to make sure that everything would be okay, so I was going into school and changing her name and having a fight with the bank and you know, all that kind of stuff. But then sort of alongside of that, I was really, really sad about it. I felt really, you know, I kept it secret from her at the time, but I was, I was really, really, I cried a lot and I was really terrified about what would happen to her in the future, you know, and I believed she was trans and I wished she wasn't. And not because I felt that it was a bad thing to be but because I thought it was, it was gonna be really difficult and her life was gonna be really difficult and I was really fearful about what would happen to her. And then sort of around that time, yeah, and I kind of, I kind of sort of believed that, you know, because she had gender dysphoria and she had a medical diagnosis, I was kind of well that proves that she is transgender. That was kinda where I was at that time. And I was also very concerned about things like oh, you know, she's never gonna pass as a girl and that's gonna be really difficult and that would be awful and you know, she's gonna have a really sad, you know, so it was that kind of thing. But also around that time, I started to suspect that what was happening at the Gender Identity Service wasn't right and it wasn't helping her.

So was she already in the care?

By that point she was, yeah, yeah. Yeah and so that was quite difficult and I was, I was kind of reading around a lot and you know, finding out stuff. And then the point where I am now is that in all that kind of binary thinking about, you know, are you trans or are you not trans or do you pass or do you not pass. You know, all that kind of stuff's really, it's really fallen away. And I just, I just think now that being trans isn't, it's not a good thing or a bad thing, it's just a thing. I think it's just a normal, completely normal variation in what human of how human beings can be. And so I just [sighs] she is really happy now. None of it seems like a big deal any more. It's not really a topic that we, not really a topic that we think about. We don't really talk about it. It's not, it's not really an important thing for us as a family at all. It's just, it's just a thing, she's just who she is. And yeah, as I say. And then, I mean, the only, you know, it's kind of like this whole thing about “oh, somebody might change their mind. They might desist” and all that kind of, you know, all those worries. I just think it's just, life's just a journey and you, you know, doing what you're doing at any, any given time. So now, we just all feel really comfortable with it and it's just not really a thing that, it's not really a thing that we even think about any more, really [laughs].

Initial reactions and feelings

Thinking back to their initial reaction to the news that their child is trans or gender diverse, some of parents talked about:
  • Feelings of shock or surprise;
  • Realising that they didn’t know much about trans children and people; and
  • Worrying about their child’s future.
 
Many parents felt surprised and even shocked when their child first came out to them as trans or gender diverse. Some were completely unaware that it was possible for a child to be trans. One parent spoke about how she did not think her daughter might be trans because, at the time, she did not consider that a ‘possibility.’ She said: ‘I didn't even have the vocabulary.’ Jan talked about feeling shocked and very emotional, and also how she hid her feelings from her daughter because she didn’t want to add to an already difficult time for her. 
 
 

Jan spoke about the initial shock and her family’s decision to embrace the change and support her daughter.

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Jan spoke about the initial shock and her family’s decision to embrace the change and support her daughter.

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So we were supportive. You know, I was quite shocked. I had lots of tears. But never in front of [name of participant’s child]. I learned to paint a smile on my face whenever she was around. So that, you know, she had enough to go through without you know, her dad and I and other members of the family adding any stress to that. So it was important that we maintained a unified and supportive front which is what we did. It wasn't always easy in the earlier days. But yeah, it got easier as time went on. And I think, as a family as well we decided that the only way to move forward was to embrace the change you know, there's, there's no way that you know, we were gonna force her to live as a boy. You know, and actually we didn't have the right to even try to suggest that, you know, this was, this is her life. It has to be it has to be lived by her in her way. So it was our responsibility to support her.

 
Andrew described how the initial shock was followed by a period of adjustment to the changes that were taking place. For example, he spoke about how it takes a bit of getting used to seeing your child wear different clothes. He also thought fathers found it harder to deal with issues of gender and sexuality when it came to their children because of expectations and stereotypes about men talking about their feelings. He said that men were ‘not so good at talking about very personal, delicate, emotional issues.’
 
 

Andrew described the initial feelings of surprise and talked about how it takes time to get used to the change.

Andrew described the initial feelings of surprise and talked about how it takes time to get used to the change.

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Initially, when your child first tells you that they think they’re in the wrong gender, living in the wrong gender. It’s something that you don’t ever think is going to happen. So it’s a, it comes as a bit of a shock, bit of a surprise. And then you have to deal with everything that comes thereafter. You have to see your child change the way they live. Dress differently, hair, make-up, clothes and it just takes a bit of getting used to, really, as a parent.

 
Seeing the changes in their child’s appearance and behaviour, and the impact these had on their wellbeing, was sometimes very emotional for parents. For example, Georgina talked about how her son ‘emerged like a butterfly’ when he finally got the haircut he had wanted, and how this was something she would never forget. Read more about the impact of transition.
 
 

Seeing her son get a haircut he wanted was a very emotional moment for Georgina.

Seeing her son get a haircut he wanted was a very emotional moment for Georgina.

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But the haircut was also a huge, emotional thing for me. I didn't realise how, I don't know, I wasn't attached to it, to his hair at all it was, it was weird. We went to a friend to do it and she knew that he'd been asking for it to be short for a long time and we'd gone for a little bob to start with and it went, when she'd got the she got the clippers out to just trim round the bottom of his neckline and he was so excited. And I didn't click that that was, it was because he thought she was gonna cut it off. Do you know what I mean? And I felt really guilty about that. And then we finally went and did it short, when he was seven, bearing in mind he started when he was four. It, his face, it just lit up with every cut and with every, the clippers on him, the feel of it and everything, he just, because it was almost like he emerged like a butterfly. It was weird. And something I'll never forget. It's quite emotional.

 
Parents spoke about wanting to be open and accepting of diversity in general, but most described having very little previous knowledge about trans children and issues. This meant that they often felt confused when their child came out as trans or gender diverse. VM, OOnagh and Lisa all talked about how there can be confusion between being gay and being trans or non-binary. Ross said he had not known anything about being trans before his son’s coming out and ‘got very confused between transvestism and transitioning.’ One mother, whose child identifies as non-binary, said that she had heard ‘of people being transsexual and having sex ops’ but that she hadn’t really known about ‘non-binary or people that just didn’t feel at one with the gender they were.’ 
 
 

Interview 1 said she had zero knowledge about trans children before.

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Interview 1 said she had zero knowledge about trans children before.

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I definitely started from a position of like zero knowledge. I don't think I'd ever knowingly met a trans person like it I just, it was something that had not ever entered my frame of mind. I hadn't and this was before it was such a big topic in the media… for me, you know, some years ago I don't recall having really come across the topic of trans children, ever [laughs]. It was a new one for me. So, just coming to that kind of journey from not knowing anything and… to then working out that this a thing, but still having more ignorance and fear than information, through to now where you know, years later, I have a very positive and kind of confident outlook on, you know, what it means for my daughter's future and yeah… I don't think I would have thought she would be trans, because I didn't think that was a possibility. I was quite uneducated and unaware. And so, I think I didn't, yeah, I didn't even have the vocabulary and I didn't think that was a possibility. Obviously, I had heard of trans adults and obviously if I'd have thought about it properly, I'd have thought well, maybe there's trans children. But it wasn't, it wasn't something that I was consciously aware of. And so I think I tried to hope it would just sort of go away [laughs] at some point. And then once it became clearer that you know, I guess that her being trans was a possibility. Yeah, that was a really scary possibility at the time, because again, I didn't know any trans people and… I was worried what her prospects would be, because I guess I had quite negative impressions of what it would mean to live life as a trans person. And yeah, so it was quite scary.

 

Although Ali had some previous knowledge about being trans before their child came out, they felt their understanding was quite ‘black and white’ compared to what they know now.

Although Ali had some previous knowledge about being trans before their child came out, they felt their understanding was quite ‘black and white’ compared to what they know now.

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I'd known quite a few people on the gay scene. So I'd met a few people who were trans and but not, I didn't know any in any great depth [sighs]. I knew it wasn't sort of straightforward and simple. I knew that there was a lot of anxiety and a lot of prejudice. But I know that, I also wasn't aware of the extent of the diversity of people who were trans. I don't think I'll ever quite get to grips with the 56 or whatever definitions around [laughs] of trans. It's just people as far as I’m concerned. But I suppose I did have quite a black and white views that if you're trans you would follow the pathway of changing completely and complete physical surgery So, yeah, I'd probably had a more black and white view.

And this has now changed?

Yeah. I'm more aware that, just as there is with everyone, there's different grades of people seeing themselves as where they want to end up and their change over time. And it's not just the intellectual idea, but also the appreciation of that. We'll just have to wait and see where we end up.

 
Not knowing much about trans children and people, and not knowing any other parents in similar situations, sometimes left parents feeling isolated. E and D thought they ‘must be the only people this is happening to’ when their son first came out to them as trans. Having little knowledge about trans issues and health meant that most parents felt they had to educate themselves and look for information to be able to understand and support their children. Some also found it helpful to get some support for themselves.
 
Many parents we spoke to worried about their children’s futures. Andrew thought that whilst all parents worry whether their children will be happy, parents of trans children worry about it more. When one parent realised that her daughter might be trans, she found it scary and worried about her daughter’s future. She talked about how this has changed and how she now has much more knowledge and a more positive outlook. 
 
 

Andrew talked about how parents of trans children worry more about their children’s future and how him and his wife are doing everything so that their daughter can be happy.

Andrew talked about how parents of trans children worry more about their children’s future and how him and his wife are doing everything so that their daughter can be happy.

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You worry, you worry greatly that your child’s gonna be happy, long term. But I think all parents worry about that anyway. But especially if your child is transgender, you just worry that they’re gonna be happy. You want them to be happy. And you’ll do anything to try and make them find happiness as best they can. We’ll do everything we can for our daughter. But, at the end of the day, of course, it it’s only her that can really find true happiness within herself. So, I suppose everything we’re doing is just to try and get her to that stage, in the future when she’ll be able to sit back and relax and live the life that she wants to live.

 
Not all parents were shocked or even surprised when their child came out as trans. Kate emphasised that her son was still the same, but now a happier person. She felt that was very important, as most parents want their children to be happy. Whilst she realised her son’s path might be ‘trickier’, she also felt uncomfortable when people assumed what she was going through in relation to her son’s gender identity was a big deal. 
 
 

Kate was not particularly surprised when her son came out as trans and thought her support for him was not a big deal and was just part of ‘being a mum.’

Kate was not particularly surprised when her son came out as trans and thought her support for him was not a big deal and was just part of ‘being a mum.’

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He hasn’t changed, his name has changed. I mean, for us, it wasn’t a big shock. He wasn’t dressing in you know, lovely dresses and loads of make-up and going out with boys. He would go out with boys now, but you know, he wasn’t being typical heterosexual girl. So it wasn’t a massive shock. But I just say, you know, it wasn’t you know, he is the same person and he’s happier now. And that most parents if you ask them what they want for their kids, they want their kids to be happy. And, yeah, our path to that probably would be trickier than some people’s. And I’m not so naïve to think that it’s all gonna just be easy. I know it’s not easy. And I wish he had had it easy, you know. His life was gonna be easier and I know that it’s not going to be as easy as it would be for some people. But yeah, but he’s the same person. And people say, my boss said to me yesterday he said, ‘Oh, you’ve done brilliantly.’ ‘cos he knew I was thinking of going to this parents group. ‘You’ve done so fantastically.’ I said, ‘No, I, I haven’t, not really. I’ve just been a mum and I do get uncomfortable with that when people go ‘Oh, I can’t imagine and that’s such a big deal.’ Whereas day to day, it’s not. It’s just, just the same. Just the same as it was.

Worrying about what others will say

Some parents we spoke to were initially worried about what others might think or say about their child’s transition or gender expression. VM’s initial thoughts were that she and her family would have to move, but she eventually stopped caring about that and decided that anyone who is not supportive of her and her daughter was ‘off the Christmas card list.’ Mel had worried about how people would react to her trans stepdaughter going out in public in girl’s clothes in the ‘early days’. 
 
 

VM was initially worried about what people would say and thought she would have to move.

VM was initially worried about what people would say and thought she would have to move.

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I have to admit here, I thought to myself, I am going to have to move. That's it. I'm just gonna have to leave my whole life behind. How, how am I going to tell people and I know that sounds awful now and it makes me seem really shallow. But I did seriously think, what, what are people going to say? And then, when I came, when I came round, I thought, well I don't care anymore. You know, after sensible chats and talking to my son who has been very good through this whole process. I thought, I don't care what people say. I have enough really good friends who will stick by me and stick by my daughter. And if they don't then they are off the Christmas card list. That's the way it goes.

 

Mel said she and her husband initially felt apprehensive about her stepdaughter going out wearing girl’s clothes.

Mel said she and her husband initially felt apprehensive about her stepdaughter going out wearing girl’s clothes.

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In the really, really early days, going to a party before we even, I don't know if we even knew that she was trans then. I can’t remember. Went to a party and she wanted to go as a girl. But we weren’t up together with it. We hadn’t, we wasn’t, we weren’t in the same place where she was. So, we were really confused. And going out in about and, and just out in public, but she was dressed as a girl, but she hadn’t chosen her female name yet. We were calling her by her boy name. It was, now I think about it, yeah, that was pretty tough. That was tough on everybody. I don’t think she cared that much. But it was tough, because we were more worried about what people would think. We didn’t want people to be unkind or ask questions or make her feel uncomfortable. But, these things are all phases, really. They thought they were all phases and we seem to have been really fortunate to have dealt with each one [laughs]. And then, kind of accepted it and then moved on, really.

Initial doubts and prioritising the relationship

Some parents had initial doubts about whether their child was actually trans or wondered if their child was confused. Elijah said: ‘My wife and I were sceptical at first, because we appreciated at 12, 13 it’s a difficult time.’ Josie talked about how initially one of her fears was that her daughter was not really trans. VM explained about her daughter: ‘When she first told us, I did think to myself, I'm not sure she'll go through with this.’ Others, like Lisa, thought their child was gay. For her, in making sense of the situation it was important to take one day at the time and to recognise that she was doing her best. 
 
Both VM and Lisa emphasised the importance of their relationship with their children. For Lisa, prioritising her role as a mother has helped her stay connected to her son, despite the difficulties. It is important to note that parental support and acceptance are key to the wellbeing and mental health of young trans and gender diverse people and so is access to timely care.*
 
 

VM spoke about how she managed to stay connected to her daughter, despite finding it difficult in the beginning.

VM spoke about how she managed to stay connected to her daughter, despite finding it difficult in the beginning.

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It was difficult in the beginning. It was difficult to get the pronouns right. It was difficult to know what to say. But I think it was difficult for us all. But we got through it, I feel. And we managed to hold onto a relationship, which I think is quite difficult, because lots, there's lots of ups and downs and lots of things you don't know and obviously my daughter is on hormones and that makes life sometimes difficult and you, and I, you constantly say the wrong thing and you don't realise you've said the wrong thing. But we did manage to remain in contact.

 

Prioritising her role as a mother and allowing herself to make mistakes, whilst taking one day at a time helped Lisa to face the difficulties.

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Prioritising her role as a mother and allowing herself to make mistakes, whilst taking one day at a time helped Lisa to face the difficulties.

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I was also actually trying to understand the concept of trans, transgender living and gender identity issues and disorder, because I didn’t know anything about it. I thought my child was gay. So, I think for anybody else coming through that experience it’s that’s probably going to be the most difficult time in my experience. And it’s the things that helped me were just taking one day at a time. Giving myself, giving myself the space to make mistakes and not feeling too badly about that and recognising that I was doing my best. I was learning as I was going along. I wasn’t an expert, however much I would have liked to have been, I wasn’t an expert. But also, but making sure that I prioritise my role as a mother above everything else and that’s helped, I’ve done that all the way through and I think that’s helped me stay connected to my son and to my other children. Because it started like a really difficult process and it’s continued as a really difficult process.

 
Mel, who has a trans stepdaughter, spoke about how she feels she is on the edge of what is going on. She found it ‘a bit weird’ being ‘slightly outside’ the situation but also thought her role gives her a better viewpoint that allows her to see some things more clearly and be more objective.
 
 

Mel thought being a stepmother means you are a bit outside, but this allows you to be more objective.

Mel thought being a stepmother means you are a bit outside, but this allows you to be more objective.

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I feel a bit, it was weird ‘cos took part in it, but not part of it and so I’m on the periphery and running in a circle of anything because she has her mum and she has her dad and I am neither of those. But I’m just slightly outside. So, I feel like I can see more. When they’re in it, they are so close to each other and the issue that sometimes they can’t be, you know, objective. Is that the word? Objective or subjective? You know, of what’s going on. So, normally, with me and my husband I’ll be like actually have you considered this and da, da, da, da.

 
Find out what people we spoke to said about their experiences with the Gender Identity Development Service.
 
* See for example: 
Puckett, J. A., Matsuno, E., Dyar, C., Mustanski, B., & Newcomb, M. E. (2019). Mental health and resilience in transgender individuals: What type of support makes a difference? Journal of Family Psychology 33(8).
Simons, L., Schrager, S. M., Clark, L. F., Belzer, M., & Olson, J. (2013). Parental support and mental health among transgender adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6).
 
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