When breastfeeding doesn’t work out

Here we talk about the experiences of women who very much wanted to breastfeed but were unable to do so. This was either because of unresolved difficulties with breastfeeding or for medical reasons. The reasons why breastfeeding had become impossible included:

  • Painful breastfeeding
  • Low milk supply
  • Having had a caesarean section
  • Premature birth when the baby needed to spend time in an incubator
  • Latching problems including babies born with a cleft lip or palate

Ruth’s first son was born prematurely and delivered by C section. While in the incubator he was fed through a tube with Ruth’s expressed milk. She was advised to wait until he was stronger to start breastfeeding.

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

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The lengths of time women were able to breastfeed or to express their milk varied a lot and depended on individual circumstances, but ranged from 2 weeks to several months. Some women used an electric pump to express their milk, an experience that Ruth and Lizzie described as ‘exhausting’. Ruth tried to breastfeed every time before bottle-feeding, but her premature baby refused to breastfeed. Lizzie had such low milk supply that she spent much of her days and nights breastfeeding a baby who was always hungry, slept little and cried a lot.

Jessy moved on to formula milk within the first month after the birth of both her children because, unknown to her at the time, she suffered from a condition known as ‘Raynaud’s phenomenon of the nipple’. Breastfeeding caused her nipples to crack and bleed to such an extent that it made breastfeeding a very painful experience (see Medical conditions that could affect breastfeeding).

Recently, Jessy learned that she has a condition called Raynaud’s that could affect the nipples of lactating mothers. She talks about how it affected her when trying to breastfeed her children.

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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Ruth says that the health professionals’ priority was for her to feed breastmilk to her baby. The use of an electric pump, every four hours for months, gradually made her feel exhausted.

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

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He latched well but from the start she struggled to feed him because of low milk supply. Even correcting her baby’s tongue-tie didn’t help.-

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Ruth, Jessy and Lizzie said that their determination to breastfeed despite their difficulties was driven by their own need to do what they saw as one of the main roles of being a mother. Women talked of feeling ‘like a failure’ or feeling ‘guilty’ because they were unable to breastfeed their babies. They felt that their breastfeeding experience was so very different to what they had expected. Looking back, women realised that they had held romanticised views and talked of having idealised images of feeding their babies without a care – an image they said that was somewhat reinforced by the information and advice available.

Lizzie said that the parenting class she attended did not even mention the possibility of low breast milk supply but the emphasis was on good latching and the assumption was that the ‘you would be gushing buckets of milk’.

Women felt that health information about breastfeeding needs to make women aware that they could face difficulties that could affect their ability to breastfeed.

Lizzie says that the official support saying breast is best’ made her feel isolated and that she wasn’t a good mum.

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Jessy felt let down by the existing information presenting only positive images of breastfeeding.

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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Lizzie, Ruth and Jessy felt that some of the midwives and health visitors they met didn’t provide the support they needed at the time when they faced difficulties. They said that the importance of breastfeeding the baby was stressed and any difficulties were seen as short-lived. Being told ‘You must breastfeed’, or ‘breastmilk is best for your baby’ or ‘the milk will come’ made them feel under pressure and their concerns overlooked. Lizzie said that she now knows that if the milk supply does not increase in the first 6 weeks after birth, there is little chance that it will happen at all.

Maria Z whose baby was born with a cleft palate said that the midwife was poorly-informed to understand the reasons why she couldn’t breastfeed.

Jessy felt under pressure by midwives and health visitors who expected her to continue breastfeeding despite the pain and poor condition of her nipples. Later, a health visitor supported her decision to stop breastfeeding.

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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For Ruth the pressure to provide her milk to her premature baby came from herself and health professionals.

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

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Maria Z was asked by a midwife if she was going to try and breastfeed her daughter even after Maria had explained to her that she would need to feed her baby by bottle. The midwives were poorly informed about the ability to breastfeed a baby born with a c

Age at interview 32

Gender Female

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Lizzie questions the advice telling women to stick to breastfeeding even when, after months of trying, the milk supply doesn’t change. Lizzie was upset when it was implied that she was not trying hard enough’

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Women also received sympathetic advice from health professionals who helped them feel better about their decision to do mixed feeding or to stop breastfeeding or expressing milk. Ruth said that with her second son she was encouraged to breastfeed but the emphasis was on feeding the baby well, not necessarily on breastfeeding.

With her second baby, Ruth said that midwives and health visitors supported rather than pressured her into breastfeeding. She also found out the reason why she couldn’t breastfeed both her children.

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

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Lizzies health visitor noticed her distress and told her to stop feeling under pressure from previous advice.

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Women said that, as first-time mothers, they felt insecure and relied on others for advice and support. Women like Lizzie and Ruth said that it took time to feel in control and make decisions about what was best for their babies and for themselves. It was usually their partner who supported and to some extent, influenced the decision to mixed feed or change to formula milk. It was the partner who had witnessed the exhaustion and unhappiness caused by unresolved breastfeeding difficulties.

Three months after her son’s birth, Lizzie felt confident again and able to select information that worked for her and her son. She stopped feeling like a failure and became more assertive instead.

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Women faced with breastfeeding difficulties felt there were no places to go to meet other mothers in similar situations in person. In their experience, baby clinics tend to be busy places with overstretched health visitors and they felt baby cafés do not necessarily welcome mothers who are mixed feeding or using baby formula.

Jessy felt ignored at the baby café she recently went to with a friend. She said such places should also offer support to women who couldn’t or wouldn’t breastfeed.

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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The women we talked with wanted very much to breastfeed their children. Their experiences illustrate that they didn’t give up easily and went through great efforts to try and breastfeed successfully, even despite the emotional strain and physical pain/exhaustion associated with problematic breastfeeding. (see also ‘Medical conditions that can affect breastfeeding’)

Cultural aspects of breastfeeding

Historical, family, cultural and ethnic background had shaped their breastfeeding experience for many of the women. Several talked about the bottle-feeding culture of previous generations...